Protecting Vulnerable Kids: How to Support Children with Special Needs Against Bullying
Bullying Prevention for Children with Special Needs
Children with developmental, learning, or other special needs are at a significantly higher risk of being bullied than their peers. As a parent, it can feel overwhelming to wonder whether your child is safe at school or online—and what you can do if they aren’t.
In this post, we’ll look at why children with special needs are more vulnerable to bullying, how to spot the signs, and concrete steps you can take to protect and empower your child.
Why Children with Special Needs Face Increased Risk
Research consistently shows that students with disabilities or developmental differences experience bullying at higher rates than their typically developing peers. For example, Rose and Espelage (2012) found that students receiving special education services were more likely to report victimization at school.
Some reasons include:
Social skill differences: Children who communicate or interact differently may stand out, making them targets for peers who don’t understand their behaviors.
Communication challenges: A child with limited verbal skills may struggle to explain what’s happening or advocate for themselves.
Increased dependence on adults: More time with aides or teachers can sometimes reduce opportunities for independent social interaction and increase vulnerability.
Recognizing Signs of Bullying in Children with Special Needs
Children with special needs may show different warning signs than their typically developing peers. Some common indicators include:
Behavioral changes: Increased stimming, regression in skills, meltdowns, or withdrawal.
Avoidance of school or therapy: Sudden resistance to places they previously enjoyed.
Changes in sleep or appetite: Trouble falling asleep, nightmares, or increased somatic complaints like headaches or stomachaches.
Because communication can be more challenging, it’s critical to watch for patterns over time rather than isolated incidents.
Strengthening Your Child’s Self-Advocacy Skills
While adults play a key role in protecting kids, empowering your child with self-advocacy skills also matters:
Teach what bullying looks like: Use clear, concrete language or visuals. Role-play scenarios so your child knows how to respond.
Practice safe responses: This could include walking away, seeking out a trusted adult, or using a pre-rehearsed script.
Encourage supportive friendships: Playdates, clubs, or social skills groups can help your child build positive peer connections.
Partnering with the School
Collaboration with your child’s school can be one of the most effective ways to prevent or stop bullying. Consider:
Incorporating safety supports in IEPs or 504 Plans: For example, scheduled adult check-ins, supervision during less-structured times, or designated “safe spaces.”
Educating staff: Provide teachers and aides with insight into your child’s communication style, triggers, and calming strategies.
Monitoring school climate: Ask about anti-bullying initiatives, inclusion practices, and staff training.
(Sources: PACER’s National Bullying Prevention Center; Council for Exceptional Children)
Building Support Around You
While children with special needs are more vulnerable to bullying, parents can make a powerful difference by surrounding children and teens with positive connections.
Parent networks or advocacy groups: Connecting with other families can give you practical tips and emotional support.
Extracurricular activities: Clubs, art, music, or sports can boost confidence and social skills.
Consider therapy if your child exhibits ongoing stress, despite advocacy and school collaboration. Therapy can provide another safe, positive relationship, help build coping and self-advocacy skills, and manage any symptoms of anxiety or depression.
Parent consultation with a professional can also help you navigate challenging situations while supporting your own stress and resilience.
If you’re in Illinois looking for online therapy support, I help parents navigate school challenges, strengthen communication, and support children with developmental differences through difficult experiences like bullying.
Helpful Resources:
Sources:
PACER’s National Bullying Prevention Center;
Council for Exceptional Children)
National Association of School Psychologists, 2022
StopBullying.gov, 2023
Rose & Espelage, 2012
Sarah Gebhardt, Ph.D., NCSP
Hi! I’m a licensed clinical psychologist and nationally certified school psychologist with over 15 years of experience in schools and private practice. I help overwhelmed parents and educators feel more confident, supported, and equipped to navigate and find peace in caregiving.